Publications

The objective of the 4th month CCN activities is to raise awareness and to induce discussion about the connection between water and livelihood among the CCN members. The knowledge materials presented during this 4th session allowed the CCN member to learn about the present of water system on earth, source of freshwater, the connection among different sources of water in its natural water cycle, and how important it is life, water management, and productive water use.

The objective of the 3rd month CCN activities is to raise awareness and to induce discussion about drought (causes, impact and adaptation) among the CCN members, which the starting point to promote their interest in climate change issues in relation to their livelihood. The knowledge materials presented during this 3rd session allowed the CCN member to learn about basic knowledge of drought science including the natural and manmade cause of drought, drought impact on Water, Sanitation and livelihood, common strategies to cope with drought at household and commune level.

The objective of the 2nd month CCN activities is to raise awareness and to induce discussion about flood (causes, impact and adaptation) among the CCN members, which the starting point to promote their interest in climate change issues in relation to their livelihood. The knowledge materials presented during this 2nd session allowed the CCN member to learn about basic knowledge of flood science including the natural and manmade cause of flood, flood impact on Water, Sanitation and livelihood, common strategies to cope with flood at household and commune level.

Cambodia has made significant progress in gender equality over the past 25 years (UN in Cambodia 2022). Cambodia actively adopted the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5) and the National Five Year Strategic Plan for Strengthening Gender Mainstreaming and Women’s empowerment called “Neary Ratanak” regularly. Based on a report by the World Economic Forum (WEF), gender gaps in Cambodia had been reduced with a new ranking of 89th in 2019 (out of 153 countries) compared to the previous ranking of 108th in 2014 (out of 142 countries) (MoWA 2020). This report synthesises the key elements of policies and strategies and points to the opportunities and gaps for progress towards the vision set in the national regulatory framework.

This review of prior studies on financial risks in supply market of WASH products and services was conducted to better understand financial risks issues generally in developing countries and specifically in Cambodia. The report synthesises issues identified in the review and document the risks that WASH businesses encounter along the supply chains, and factors associated with these financial risks in the WASH markets particularly in Cambodia. The results are used to develop a questionnaire to survey private sector WAS suppliers in the WOBA  project.

This report presents the findings from a survey with households and local authorities in five provinces in rural Cambodia. The survey aimed to understand the current state of socio-economic situation, access and use of WASH service, perception of climate change impacts and existing adaptive capacity of the Cambodian rural households, particularly the poor and GESI groups.

This review scopes the current state of WASH access in Cambodia, and climate risks and vulnerability particularly in rural Cambodia. Relevant policies relating to WASH and climate mitigation and adaptation are discussed. The review is compiled to inform the development of the survey with households and local authorities about WASH situation, climate change experience and coping measures in rural Cambodia.

This report summarises the findings of the mid-term evaluation of WOBA Cambodia. The evaluation assesses WOBA’s progress towards its planned outcomes and support learning by exploring the effectiveness of the strategies and activities implemented from June 2018 to June 2021. The summary report explores some initial indications of impacts and sustainability. It provides important recommendation in the ongoing implementation of the program and progress towards the project’s end-of-program outcomes.

WOBA can be said to contribute to women’s leadership and empowerment in WASH through recruitment of the Committee for Women and Children (CCWC) women to the Committee of Commune Council, and the CCWC members’ self-perception that they are change agents. At the same time, there remains a gendered view about women in WASH as domestic activities. This leaning note discusses some of the gaps in reaching outcomes of women’s empowerment in WOBA. It offers some recommendations to promote gender transformative mindset among partners and improve gender empowerment for CCWC women. More research is needed to understand gender and empowerment for all women involved in WOBA including water operators, Commune Council members, volunteers, households, and the CCWC.

This learning note is based on the findings from the MTR, focusing on the impacts (intended and unintended) of WOBA for marginalised households in rural Cambodia. The intended impact is the villagers’ awareness about the importance of improved sanitation for their health and the health of the community. Subsidies for latrines and water connections can be a nudge to get the family to decide, but understanding the value of building latrine for their own and others’ health is the decision trigger.

Although there are differences between provinces in terms of the partnership structure and line of authority in charge of WOBA’s implementation activities, there is a common link between the national and subnational levels. The overall WOBA partnership structure provides partners with the role and position within a hierarchical governance structure that they are familiar with. In addition, because WOBA offers the same types of latrines across all provinces, leveraging the existing government structure works well in terms of legitimacy and sharing information down the chains of authority.

This study investigated how rural households in two villages in Kampong Trabek district, Prey Veng province, Cambodia, have experienced, perceive and demand different aspects of FSM, particularly ADPs. The results of this study are intended to inform future FSM product and service development, and ultimately improve rural FSM safety and public health.

This report presents the results of WOBA’s verification of latrines and water connections conducted between July 2019 and October 2021.

Authors: Chi Le, Dr Lien Pham

March 2022